Nestled on the western shoulder of Africa’s tallest mountain, the Shira Plateau is one of Kilimanjaro’s most captivating and lesser-known features. Sometimes described as a volcanic massif and other times as a plateau formed after ancient eruptions, Shira’s unique landscape offers breathtaking scenery, diverse flora, and a rich history. Whether you’re an avid trekker, a geology enthusiast, or a nature lover, understanding what makes Shira so special will deepen your appreciation of Kilimanjaro’s complex volcanic origins. Join Kilisherpas Travel as we explore the fascinating features, routes, and stories behind this high-altitude marvel.
What Is Shira?
Shira is both a volcanic cone and a sprawling plateau that formed approximately 2.3 million years ago following the collapse of the original Shira volcano’s crater walls. It is one of the three main volcanic cones that comprise Kilimanjaro, along with Kibo and Mawenzi, and is notable for its high elevation and scenic beauty.
Formation and Geology
Origin: Shira emerged during the early stages of Kilimanjaro’s volcanic activity, around 2.3 million years ago.
Eruption History: Its final eruptions occurred about 500,000 years ago, creating the rocky ridges and elevated terrain we see today.
Collapse: The original crater collapsed, forming the flat, expansive plateau that covers roughly 62 square kilometres (24 square miles).
Current Status: Shira is an extinct volcano, with no recent activity, but its geological history continues to influence Kilimanjaro’s landscape.
The Highest Point: Johnsell Point
The highest elevation on the Shira Plateau is Johnsell Point, reaching 3,962 meters (13,000 feet) above sea level, making it one of the highest plateaus in the world.
The Landscape and Ecology of Shira
Shira’s terrain is characterised by a vast, rocky plain dotted with boulders, volcanic formations, and patches of lush vegetation. The landscape transitions from grassy plains to rocky volcanic terrain, typical of Kilimanjaro’s alpine desert zone.
Flora and Fauna
Vegetation: The plateau hosts some of Kilimanjaro’s most recognisable plants, including giant lobelias and groundsels, which have adapted to the high-altitude environment.
Historical Artefacts: Obsidian arrowheads and other tools discovered in the caves indicate ancient human activity, likely related to trade and migration among the Chagga people.
Unique Features
Shira Cathedral: This striking rock formation resembles a cathedral’s façade and is a popular acclimatisation destination for climbers.
Shira Needle: A prominent volcanic spire that rises from the plateau, offering stunning views of the surrounding landscape.
Lent Hills and Lent Valley: Named after the German geologist Carl Lent, these snow-capped hills are part of the early geological explorations of Kilimanjaro.
Routes and Access to Shira
Shira is accessible via two primary routes, both offering spectacular scenery and diverse ecosystems:
The Lemosho Route
One of the most scenic and popular routes, the Lemosho begins in the lush rainforest and traverses the Shira Plateau. It offers ample acclimatisation opportunities, increasing success rates for summit attempts. Key stops include Shira 1 and Shira 2 camps, located on the plateau itself.
The Northern Circuit Route
Less travelled and more panoramic, this route circles around Kilimanjaro’s northern side. It passes through the Shira region, offering breathtaking views and a more remote experience.
The Shira Route (Historically)
Originally an independent ascent route, the Shira Route begins at the Shira Gate and ascends to the plateau. Due to its high starting altitude at approximately 3,595 meters (11,800 feet), it is less favoured for first-time climbers but offers stunning scenery and rapid acclimatisation.
Visiting Shira by Vehicle and on Foot
Can you drive to the Shira Plateau? Yes. With Kilisherpas Travel, you can reach the plateau by vehicle, starting your trek from the Shira Gate at around 3,500 meters (11,480 feet). From there, most hikes are on foot, allowing you to immerse yourself fully in the landscape.
Weather and Climate Shira’s climate is typical of high-altitude heathlands and bogs. Daytime temperatures hover around 10°C (50°F) but can rise under the sun. Nights are cold, often falling below 0°C (32°F). Clouds and mist are frequent, creating a moody and atmospheric environment, with annual rainfall ranging from 530 to 1300 mm.
Tips for Visiting:
Carry warm, layered clothing to adapt to temperature fluctuations.
Prepare for damp conditions, especially in rainy seasons.
Use waterproof gear to stay dry during frequent mists.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The exploration of Kilimanjaro’s features began in earnest in the late 19th century. German botanist Georg Volkens referred to the plateau as “Seitenplateau” (side plateau) in 1897. Later, cartographers like Fritz Klute and Eduard Oehler created detailed maps, recognising the plateau’s importance.
Notable Explorations:
Carl Lent: Conducted early cartographic surveys before his tragic death in a local conflict in 1894.
Hans Meyer: First to summit Kilimanjaro in 1889, Meyer explored the plateau from the northeast, noting its features and beauty.
Name Evolution: Originally called the “side plateau", it was later named “Shira Plateau” after local and colonial influences, becoming the official designation.
Conclusion
The Shira Plateau is a high-altitude wonder that encapsulates Kilimanjaro’s volcanic origins, ecological diversity, and rich history. Its scenic landscapes, unique geological features, and cultural artefacts make it an essential part of any Kilimanjaro expedition. Whether you’re seeking a challenging route with dramatic vistas or an insightful journey into the mountain’s geological past, Shira offers an unforgettable experience.
Are you ready to explore this high-altitude gem with Kilisherpas Travel? Join us for expertly guided climbs that reveal Kilimanjaro’s hidden treasures and breathtaking scenery.
